Comparative evaluation of cytotoxic effects of MTAD and sodium hypochlorite using lactate dehydrogenase and trypan blue assays: An in vitro study

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to examine the cytotoxic effects of BioPure MTAD and three clinical concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions (1%, 3%, and 5%) on cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Materials and Methods: Human PDL cells were grown on cell culture plates and were placed in contact with various concentrations of tested irrigants. Cytotoxicity of both BioPure MTAD and different concentrations of NaOCl was assessed for immediate short-term intervals (1, 5, 10, and 15 min) and midterm intervals as well (24, 48, 72, and 96 h). Different parameters of toxicity such as lactate dehydrogenase assay and trypan blue dye exclusion assay were studied along with morphological changes at all the different time points. The mean zones of inhibition were calculated for each group and were statistically analyzed. Results: BioPure MTAD was least toxic of all test irrigants in short-term and midterm time intervals. 5% NaOCl showed the maximum cytotoxicity at short-term time intervals. All cells died within the first 24 h for all three NaOCl concentrations. Conclusions: BioPure MTAD showed minimal toxicity and the three concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) of NaOCl showed detrimental effects on the PDL cells and its toxicity was dose dependent.