Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver, Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans

Aileni Kaladhar Reddy,Santosh R Patil,Prabhuraj B Kambalyal,Sowjanya Donthula,Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram,Rajesh V

doi:10.4034/pboci.2018.181.88

Abstract

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of silver, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Material and Methods: Serial dilution method was employed for preparing 1%, 0.5%, 0.25% concentrations of the three test compounds. ATCC 25175 strain of streptococcus mutans was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of test compounds. Equal quantity of BHI broth was dispensed in test tubes containing sectioned tooth and to this the prepared bacterial inoculum was added. Prepared concentrations of test compounds were added accordingly and incubated for 24hrs at 37 0 C. Then, the sectioned tooth was removed and the adherent bacteria were transferred into saline solution by vortexing. These suspensions were transferred onto sterile blood agar plate to make lawn culture and were further incubated at 37 0 C for 24hrs to determine viable bacterial count. The number of colonies were counted manually from each plate and recorded for further analysis. Decrease in number of colonies represents the effective concentration of the test compound against the inhibition of biofilm formation. Results: A significant difference in the colony forming units among all three concentrations of silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc (ZnO) nanoparticles was noted and the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles was concentration dependent. Inter group comparison of colony forming units with 1%, 0.5% and 0.25% of the test compound revealed that the colony forming units on the ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated highest value followed by TiO 2 and the least were with that of the Ag nano particles. Conclusion: Silver, Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide showed significant antimicrobial effects and the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles was concentration dependent.

Highlights

Demineralization of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets and bands is a complication confronted by every dental practitioner and is a potential risk for individuals who do not maintain their hygiene adequately [1]
Individuals who are undergoing orthodontic treatment are known to be at increased risk for developing dental caries because of enhanced salivary and plaque levels associated with Streptococcus mutans
Inter group comparison of colony forming units with 1%, 0.5% and 0.25% of all the three test compound revealed that the colony forming units on the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles demonstrated highest value followed by TiO2 % and the least were with that of the Ag nano particles (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Demineralization of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets and bands is a complication confronted by every dental practitioner and is a potential risk for individuals who do not maintain their hygiene adequately [1]. As maintaining the adequate oral hygiene becomes more difficult in these individuals, the decalcification of the enamel surface around the appliances is prevalent [2]. Application of fluoride varnishes, use of fluoride mouthwash, and meticulous oral hygiene instructions have been employed to counter the demineralisation. These techniques depend for the most part on the consistence of the patient and they give just periodic aegis against decalcification [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion