Comparative evaluation of 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole degradation by ultraviolet/chlorine and ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide processes

Abstract

2-Isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), and 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) are the primary emerging taste and odor (T&O) compounds in water systems with low thresholds (ng L−1). The selected T&O compounds are known to be difficult to remove using conventional water treatment processes. In this study, we compared the removal characteristics of the three T&O compounds using UV/Cl2 and UV/H2O2. The removal rates of the three compounds by direct photolysis at 254 nm were less than 10%, even at a high UV dose (approximately 1000 mJ cm−2). Under conditions of an oxidant injection volume of 5 mg L−1 and UV dose of 1000 mJ cm−2, the degradation rate of the target compounds in the UV/H2O2 process exceeded that of the UV/Cl2 process. Moreover, the results revealed that pH has a significant impact on the removal of the T&O compounds during the UV/Cl2 process. The IPMP, IBMP, and TCA were found to be more reactive with hydroxyl radicals than reactive chlorine species (RCS). A predictive tool was developed to determine the optimal operating condition using the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) nonlinear solver. In the UV/H2O2 process, the EED value for 90% removing rate was 0.156 kWh m−3 for the IPMP, 0.135 kWh m−3 for the IBMP, and 0.154 kWh m−3 for the TCA, respectively. In case of the UV/Cl2, the EED value for 50% removing rate was 0.174 kWh m−3 for the IPMP, 0.138 kWh m−3 for the IBMP, and 0.169 kWh m−3 for the TCA, respectively.