Comparative embryotoxicities of butyl benzyl phthalate, mono- n-butyl phthalate and mono-benzyl phthalate in mice and rats: in vivo and in vitro observations

Abstract

The embryotoxic effects of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and its two main metabolites mono- n-butyl (MBP) and mono-benzyl (MBzP) phthalate were evaluated in OF1 mice and Sprague–Dawley rats, in vivo and in whole embryo culture. In vivo, pregnant mice and rats received a single oral dose (0.9–5.4 mmol/kg) of either of these compounds on GD 8 and 10, respectively, and their fetuses were examined externally on GD 18 and 21, respectively. In mice, BBP, MBP and MBzP caused concentration-related embryolethality and malformations. In rats, MBP and MBzP did not show developmental toxicity. Some teratogenicity and a slight increase in post-implantation loss were observed after BBP administration, but mice were more susceptible to its toxic effects than were rats. In vitro, GD 8 mouse embryos and GD 10 rat embryos were cultured for 46 h in the presence of the test compounds (0.5 to 3–5 mM). The cultured mouse embryos did not appear intrinsically more sensitive to MBP and MBzP, than the rat embryos. Altogether, these results suggest that the species sensitivity observed in vivo after an oral administration of BBP, MBP or MBzP during early organogenesis, might be due to maternal factors, i.e. toxicity and/or kinetics.