Comparative Efficacy of Aerosolized Particle Filtration by Non-Invasive Ventilation Modalities: Simulation of SARS-CoV-19 Transmission

Steven Harry Cataldo

doi:10.34297/ajbsr.2020.09.001460

Abstract

Patients with COVID-19 with severe respiratory disease may require non-invasive ventilation (NIV) devices, and selection should consider the greatest ability to reduce coronavirus-sized particles aerosolization. The objective of this study was to characterize the aerosolization of coronavirus-sized particles using different oxygen delivery systems.

Highlights

Patients with COVID-19 with severe respiratory disease may require non-invasive ventilation (NIV) devices, and selection should consider the greatest ability to reduce coronavirus-sized particles aerosolization
Tukey’s post-hoc test showed the SuperNO2VA with High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter (HEPA) filter (N) and Non-Vented NIV (NV-NIV) Mask with single-limb circuit each had Fit Factor (FF) indicating significantly reduced particle aerosolization compared to all other devices (P
No significant FF differences occurred with the SuperNO2VA without HEPA filter (N), Non-Rebreather, and NV-NIV Mask with duallimb circuit (P=1.0)

Summary

Introduction

Patients with COVID-19 with severe respiratory disease may require non-invasive ventilation (NIV) devices, and selection should consider the greatest ability to reduce coronavirus-sized particles aerosolization. 71-79% require mechanical ventilation and mortality is between 50-61.5% [4,5,6]. Mortality increases to 81% [4]. The pathophysiology of severe respiratory disease in COVID-19 has been likened to a form of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [1]. The mainstay treatment of ARDS revolves around increased inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2), high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and low-tidal volume ventilation [7]. With the high mortality rates among ventilated patients, it is important to look to non-invasive respiratory support devices capable of improving FiO2 and PEEP, in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. Three non-invasive ventilation (NIV) techniques may be useful for COVID-19: high-flow nasal

Objectives

Results

Discussion

Conclusion