Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests.

Abstract

Simple SummaryBed bugs and German cockroaches have adapted to thrive in human structures. In the present study, we use different techniques to expose bed bugs and German cockroaches to Beauveria bassiana, a fungal pathogen that only infects insects, to test their susceptibility to infection. The tests with bed bugs revealed that they were highly susceptible to fungal infections, no matter how we exposed them to the pathogen. The German cockroaches were only infected by fungi through certain routes of exposure. Fungal pathogens have the potential to control bed bugs but will require additional research and innovative technologies to be effective against cockroaches.The ability of a fungal entomopathogen to infect an insect depends on a variety of factors, including strain, host, and environmental conditions. Similarly, an insect’s ability to prevent fungal infection is dependent on its biology, environment, and evolutionary history. Synanthropic pests have adapted to thrive in the indoor environment, yet they arose from divergent evolutionary lineages and occupy different feeding guilds. The hematophagous bed bug (Cimex lectularius) and omnivorous German cockroach (Blattella germanica) are highly successful indoors, but have evolved different physiological and behavioral adaptations to cope with the human-built environment, some of which also reduce the efficacy of fungal biopesticides. In order to gain greater insight into the host barriers that prevent or constrain fungal infection in bed bugs and German cockroaches, we tested different doses of Beauveria bassiana GHA through surface contact, topical application, feeding, and injection. Bed bugs were generally more susceptible to infection by B. bassiana with the mode of delivery having a significant impact on infectivity. The German cockroach was highly resilient to infection, requiring high doses of fungal conidia (>8.8 × 104) delivered by injection into the hemocoel to cause mortality. Mortality occurred much faster in both insect species after exposure to surfaces dusted with dry conidia than surfaces treated with conidia suspended in water or oil. These findings highlight the importance of developing innovative delivery techniques to enhance fungal entomopathogens against bed bugs and cockroaches.