Abstract
Onion is an important vegetable in Senegal horticulture, where it occupies the first place. However in the greatest areas production like the Gandiolais, in the North of Senegal, Pink root disease caused by a soil born fungus Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorentz, Walker and Larson affects its productivity especially in nursery. On soil sterilized and inoculated by the fungus, we tested 5 natural fungicides and 2 synthetic fungicides, to measure their effectiveness on the Pink root disease on onion, in nursery. The device used is a split plot with 4 repetitions and 8 treatments. The measured variables are the emergence rates, the survival rates and the infestation rates. Our experimentations have shown that, for the emergence rates, there is no significant difference between thiophanate-methyl (Pelt 44), Carbendazim (Bavistine), Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Carica papaya L. It is the same between C. papaya and Moringa oleifera Lam, between M. oleifera and Cassia alata L. It is also the same between C. alata and Crotolaria retusa L. Regarding the survival rates, there is no significant difference between thiophanate-methyl, Azadirachta indica, Carbendazim, C. papaya and M. oleifera. The same is true between M. oleifera and Cassia alata, and between C. alata and C. retusa. Concerning the infestation rates, apart from the control check, all other treatments show no difference.
Highlights
The objective of this study is to find natural fungicides effective against pink root disease of onions in the nursery
For thiophanate-methyl, Carbendazime, untreated control and Azadirachta indica, the emergence rate is over 70%
The lowest rates were noted in the trays treated with Cassia alata (56.50%) and Crotolaria retusa (48.50%)
Summary
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a consumer product in Senegal and imports represent. In 2012, production is estimated at 210,000 tons and imports at 123,350 tons (Direction of Horticulture, 2013). Half of this production comes from the Gandiolais, located 30 km south of Saint-Louis, where the soil is infested by Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorentz, Walker and Larson. This soil fungus is responsible for the pink root disease of the onion, which is spreading gradually in other areas of the “Niayes”. Pink root symptoms are common in onion fields, especially in old nurseries, and on soils poor in organic matter [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
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