Abstract
The rice white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is the primarily important seed-borne pest of rice and was first recorded in Turkey in 1995. These biological agents, such as an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), and bacterial supernatants, have been used against other plant parasitic nematodes but as far as not against A. besseyi. Accordingly, the EPF species, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and the four EPN species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, and S. feltiae, and the supernatant of the two bacterial symbionts, Photorhabdus luminescens and Xenorhabdus bovienii, were used against A. besseyi. In addition, infected Galleria mellonella cadavers with S. feltiae were evaluated as a biological agent to the white tip nematode. The percentage of observed white tip symptoms, decrease in kernel numbers in the panicles, and decrease in panicle weight were evaluated. Evaluation of these parameters showed that X. bovienii supernatant, S. feltiae infective juveniles, and P. lilacinum at 108 conidia ml−1 consistently suppressed the A. besseyi population.
Highlights
The rice white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is one of the most important seed-borne pests of rice, Oryza sativa L., throughout the world
The main objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), P. lilacinum, the four entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) species, and the supernatants of their mutualistic bacteria on A. besseyi
For the percentage of white tip symptoms, X. bovienii supernatant and P. lilacinum at 108 conidia ml−1 treatments were not significantly different than P. lilacinum at 106 conidia ml−1 treatment which had the lowest percentage of white tip symptoms (Fig. 1)
Summary
The rice white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is one of the most important seed-borne pests of rice, Oryza sativa L., throughout the world. The most effective and acceptable management for A. besseyi is hot water treatment of the rice seeds (EPPO, 2012) This approach requires (1) investing in expensive equipment and expertise and (2) maintaining the water temperature at a level that adversely affects the nematodes without affecting the viability of the seeds. Commercial resistant cultivars have not yet been developed and studies have showed that chemical treatments can negatively affect seed germination and do not result in nematode mortality (Hui et al, 2014). For these reasons, control of A. besseyi is difficult mainly due to the ineffectiveness of the conventional pesticides
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
