Abstract
PurposeThe comparative effects of different whole grains and brans on blood lipid are still not totally elucidated. We aimed to estimate and rank the effects of different whole grains and brans on the control of blood lipid.MethodsWe performed a strategic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for relevant trials. Both pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses were conducted to compare and rank the intervention strategies of whole grains and brans for the control of total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG).ResultsFifty-five eligible trials with a total of 3900 participants were included. Cumulative ranking analyses showed that oat bran was the most effective intervention strategy for TC and LDL-C improvements, with significant decreases of − 0.35 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.47, − 0.23 mmol/L) and − 0.32 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.44, − 0.19 mmol/L) in TC and LDL-C compared with control, respectively. In comparison with control, oat was associated with significant reductions in TC by − 0.26 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.36, − 0.15 mmol/L) and LDL-C by − 0.17 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.28, − 0.07 mmol/L), which was ranked as the second best treatment. Barley, brown rice, wheat and wheat bran were shown to be ineffective in improving blood lipid compared with control.ConclusionsThis network meta-analysis suggests that oat bran and oat are ranked higher than any other treatments for the regulations of TC and LDL-C, indicating that increasing oat sources of whole grain may be recommended for lipid control.
Highlights
According to the latest estimates, 31% of all global deaths (17.7 million) are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1]
Following terms were searched in all fields: whole grain, wholegrain, whole meal, whole wheat, wheat, rice, brown rice, wild rice, maize, oat, barley, corn, rye, millet, sorghum, triticale, canary seed, amaranth, buckwheat or quinoa which were paired with the following words: lipid profile, lipid distribution, blood lipid, cholesterol, total cholesterol, TC, low density lipoprotein, LDL, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein, HDL, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, triacylglycerol, triglyceride, TG, TAG or lipoprotein
Detailed results of the sensitivity analyses are reported in the Supplemental Tables 8–15, 22–29, 36–43 and 50–57. This is the first network meta-analysis investigating the comparative effects of different whole grains and brans on blood lipid
Summary
According to the latest estimates, 31% of all global deaths (17.7 million) are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1]. The management of CVDs is costly and prolonged, which has brought heavy burden to the public health [2, 3]. Several previous studies demonstrated that effectively control of lipid metabolism inhibited the development and progression of CVDs [4, 5]. Dietary intervention strategies have received increasing attention in the prevention and treatment of CVDs because they may have less adverse effects and are more cost-effective compared with the lipid lowering drugs [7, 8]. Among various dietary adjustment strategies, increasing whole grains and brans intake has been widely
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