Abstract
Aim:The objective of the study was to compare the effects of amiodarone (AM) and dronedarone (DR) on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac contractility in a rabbit model.Materials and Methods:A total of 16 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups, treated either with AM or DR at incremental dosages of 50 mg/kg/day (AM50 and DR50) and 100 mg/kg/day (AM100 and DR100), orally administrated for 7 days. At the end of each period, electrocardiograms were recorded during consciousness and analyzed using the short-term time and frequency domains of HRV. Standard echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography were studied during immobilization with xylazine and ketamine.Results:The results showed that AM100 and DR100 significantly decreased heart rate, total power, low-frequency component, and low-to-high frequency ratio compared with baselines. Most echocardiogram parameters revealed no significant difference from baselines, except for the global circumferential plane strain rate and time to peak standard deviation of strain, which had statistical significances after treating with AM.Conclusion:Both AM and DR possess negative chronotropy and reduce HRV, which may be explained by their sympathetic suppression and calcium channel blocking activities. Theoretically, both antiarrhythmic drugs may also possess negative inotropy, but only AM is shown to have a negative inotropic effect and reduces cardiac dyssynchrony in this model.
Highlights
Amiodarone (AM) and dronedarone (DR) are multichannel blocking agents that were classified as Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, though they may have the potential to cover all four classes
The results showed that AM100 and DR100 significantly decreased heart rate, total power, low-frequency component, and low-to-high frequency ratio compared with baselines
Both AM and DR possess negative chronotropy and reduce heart rate variability (HRV), which may be explained by their sympathetic suppression and calcium channel blocking activities
Summary
Amiodarone (AM) and dronedarone (DR) are multichannel blocking agents that were classified as Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, though they may have the potential to cover all four classes. AM contains iodine in its structure, to thyroxine (T4) [1], and may have iodine up to 37% by weight [2]. This iodine-retaining structure may interfere with the actions of thyroid hormones and their synthesis. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated
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