Abstract
Autogenous bone graft is gold standard in treating bone defects, but it might have difficulty in corporation and rejection reaction. This study is to compare the effectiveness among freeze-dried xenograft, freeze-dried allograft, hydroxyapatite xenograft, and demineralized bone matrix xenograft as bone graft to fill bone defect in femoral diaphysis of white rabbit. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were distributed into five groups. Bone defect was filled correspondingly with xenograft freeze-dried cortical bovine, allograft freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit, xenograft hydroxyapatite bovine, and xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine. No graft was used in control group. VEGF, osteoblast, and woven bone were higher in allograft freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit (mean 5.6625 (p < 0.05)) and xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine (mean 5.2475 (p < 0.05)) with calcification of woven bone was already seen in week 2 in the latter group. There was a decrease of woven bone (mean 4.685 (p < 0.05)) fibrous tissue (mean 41.07 (p < 0.05)) in xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine. The Immunoglobulin-G was elevated in control and all study groups but not significantly (p = 0.07855). Bone healing process in xenograft demineralized bone matrix bovine is more effective than in xenograft hydroxyapatite bovine, allograft freeze-dried New Zealand white rabbit, xenograft freeze-dried cortical bovine, and control.
Highlights
The defects were filled with freeze-dried cortical bovine, freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit, bovine hydroxyapatite, and demineralized bone matrix bovine in which three groups were assigned for each material
There was a significant difference in demineralized bone matrix bovine group in week 1 (p = 0.02) and week 4 (p = 0.01), but not significant in week 2 (p = 1)
Osteoblast in allograft freeze-dried cortical New Zealand white rabbit group is higher than demineralized bone matrix bovine group
Summary
These bone defects should be filled with bone grafts to “bridge” the defects [1, 2]. Managing bone defects is a challenging problem as it requires high cost since there has been increase of demand due to the high number of operations worldwide (up to four millions operations a year) which requires the use of bone grafts [4]. Based on the data from Tissue Bank of Dr Soetomo General Hospital, the use of bone graft increased from 62 uses in 2010 to 75 and 178 uses in 2011 and 2012, respectively [5]
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