Comparative Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Booster Dose After BNT162b2 Primary Vaccination Against the Omicron Variants: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Large-Scale Population-Based Registries in Japan.

Abstract

BackgroundDirect comparative effectiveness of booster doses of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 after BNT162b2 primary vaccination is unknown.MethodsWe investigated comparative effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 booster dose using data from registry systems for vaccination and COVID-19 infection in a local city in Japan. We followed participants aged ≥16 years who completed the BNT162b2 primary vaccination between November 22, 2021, and April 15, 2022. We collected information on age, sex, vaccination status, vaccine type, and infection status. Age was categorized as 16–44, 45–64, 65–84, and ≥85 years. Vaccine effectiveness for mRNA-1273 and no booster vaccination against BNT162b2 was estimated using age-stratified Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, and days since the second vaccination. The estimated hazard ratios for mRNA-1273 and no booster vaccinations were integrated separately using random effects meta-analyses.ResultsDuring the study period, we identified 62,586 (40.4%), 51,490 (33.2%), and 40,849 (26.4%) participants who received BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and no booster dose, respectively. The median age was 69, 71, and 47 years for BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and no booster dose, respectively. The integrated hazard ratio with reference to BNT162b2 was 1.72 for no booster vaccination and 0.62 for mRNA-1273. The comparative effectiveness of mRNA-1273 was similar across age categories.ConclusionsBoth homologous and heterologous vaccinations are effective against Omicron variants. In the head-to-head comparison, the effect was stronger in people who received heterologous vaccination than in those who received homologous vaccination. These findings may help improve logistics and decision making in future vaccination programs.