Abstract
Exposure to gasoline and diesel has been reported to induce nephrotoxicity in rats. This study was designed to assess the effect of withdrawal from exposure on the nephrotoxic effects associated with oral exposure to gasoline and diesel in male rats. Four groups of the experimental test rats were respectively exposed orally to diesel and gasoline solvents (4.0 mg/kg/day, 6 days/week) for 60 days, after which two respective groups were sacrificed for nephrotoxicity assay while the remaining two groups were withdrawn from exposure for the next 60 days before sacrificing them for biochemical assay. The results showed that oral exposure to diesel and gasoline induced a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as decrease in kidney tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in rats. However, the percentage increase in serum creatinine, urea, BUN, kidney tissue MDA, and decrease in kidney tissue GSH concentrations recorded for rats exposed to diesel (300.1 ± 30.8, 130.3 ± 18.5, 125.6 ± 16.4, 141.8 ± 10.4 and 75.0 ± 8.6 percents, respectively) were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the percentages recorded for rats exposed to gasoline (150.0 ± 17.5, 80.3 ± 13.2, 72.1 ± 11.4, 120.9 ± 15.2 and 61.5 ± 10.1 percents, respectively). The result of this study also showed that withdrawal from exposure reverses the levels of serum creatinine, urea, BUN, and kidney tissue MDA and GSH to the levels approximately within the control range. This study confirms that oral exposure to diesel and gasoline may be a risk factor for nephrotoxicity, with diesel being more nephrotoxic than gasoline, and that withdrawal from exposure for equal duration of the exposure period is capable of reversing the induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Highlights
Petroleum, either in its crude or refined form, is one of the most widely utilized natural resources in most oil-producing economy
The results of this study showed that oral exposure of rats to gasoline and diesel fuel caused a significant (p
It was observed that the percentage increase in kidney tissue MDA, decrease in kidney tissue GSH, increase in serum creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations recorded for rats exposed to diesel fuel were significantly (p
Summary
Either in its crude or refined form, is one of the most widely utilized natural resources in most oil-producing economy. The oil exploration, production and utilization activities have brought with them an alarming increase in industrial activities, which have contributed immensely to the unnecessary disruption of the natural ecological setting of the oil producing areas. The intensity of these consequences on different species of organisms varies with the quantity and fractions of the petroleum products released into the different environment [17]. It is generally known that the normal physiological condition of an organism may be altered by a number of environmental factors These factors are present in the environment either in gaseous, liquid, semisolid, or solid states. Exposure to these petroleum hydrocarbons could be from gasoline and/or diesel fumes at the pumps, accidental or intentional ingestion of the liquid solvent
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