Abstract
The paper deals with ecological and physiological properties of four strains of the species Penicillium chrysogenum Thom 1910, taken on the territory of Surgut from soil, water and the surface of synthetic polymers, depending on the source of carbon nutrition and temperature. The author also considers phytotoxic properties of these strains in relation to several test objects. The cultural and morphological characteristics of the strains are similar to each other in places with sucrose, lactose, mannitol, starch and cellulose, and are variable in places with sorbitol and glycerol. The highest average values of the radial growth rate were recorded in places with alcohols sorbitol and glycerine. General cultural and morphological characteristics are typical for strains when cultivated in the same temperature regime; a low temperature of +5C contributes more to the growth of colonies than a high temperature of +37C, the optimal one is +25C; the obtained data confirm that P. chrysogenum belongs to mesophilic (psychrotolerant) species. All strains are toxic to radish seedlings; variably toxic to wheat seedlings, Canada water weed and duckweed and non-toxic to wheat and radish seeds. The obtained results can be used for studying the ecology of P. chrysogenum strains, as well as for identifying this species.
Highlights
The highest average values of the radial growth rate were recorded in places with alcohols
morphological characteristics are typical for strains when cultivated in the same temperature regime
a low temperature of +5°C contributes more to the growth of colonies
Summary
Важная экологическая характеристика популяций микромицетов – средняя радиальная скорость роста. 5) в отношении проростков редиса штаммы No 10, No 18 и No 46 высоко токсичны (74,5– 100%), штамм No 9 средне токсичен (40,4%). В отношении водных растений – элодеи и ряски – угнетение роста вплоть до полной гибели наблюдалось под влиянием штаммов No 9 и No 10; штаммы No 18 и No 46 не проявляли токсичности, наоборот, замечен небольшой стимулирующий эффект. Все штаммы токсичны в отношении проростков редиса, No 10 и No 46 также и в отношении пшеницы, а No 9 и No 18 ощутимо стимулируют ее развитие; на всхожесть семян практически не влияют – незначительно ее повышают или снижают. По результатам исследования фитотоксичности штаммов P. chrysogenum выявлен как угнетающий, так и стимулирующий эффект, в отношении семян токсичности не выявлено. Таблица 1 – Средние значения радиальной скорости роста (мм/ч.) аборигенных штаммов P. chrysogenum на средах с различными источниками углерода
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