Abstract
This study was conducted to detect the prevalence and presence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) using immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the lung samples of cattle (n = 1023). In addition, three methods were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and chi-square test ($χ^{2}$ test), and their usability were evaluated in laboratory conditions. Macroscopically, pneumonia was seen in 120 of the lung tissue samples (11.73%). Based on the microscopic examinations, the pneumonia types were classified as catarrhal-suppurative bronchopneumonia (6.7%), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (5%), interstitial pneumonia (84.1%), and granulomatous pneumonia (4.2%). The IHC, IF and antigen ELISA positivity were 48.33%, 50.83%, and 29.9%, respectively. Considering IF as a gold standard, IHC had more acceptable sensitivity and specificity than antigen ELISA. In conclusion, it has been observed that when IF method is not available, IHC is more reliable than antigen ELISA in the diagnosis of BoHV-1.
Highlights
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a major health problem affecting cattle populations worldwide [1,2,3]
Purulent bronchopneumonia and fibrinous bronchopneumonia are found most often in the cranial lobes, while interstitial pneumonia is found in the caudal lobes [27]
In the present study too, it was determined that suppurative and fibrinous bronchopneumonia were mostly observed in the cranial lobes, whereas interstitial pneumonias were located in the caudal lobes
Summary
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a major health problem affecting cattle populations worldwide [1,2,3]. Viral agents cause damage to the respiratory system in BRDC cases, while bacteria and mycoplasmas are secondary causes [1, 3, 4,5,6]. BoHV-1 causes several clinical conditions, including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in respiratory system, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) in genital system of female cattle, infectious pustular balanoposthitis (IPB) in genital system of male cattle, conjunctivitis, and generalized disease in newborn calves. Overall, it is an important agent causing livestock losses globally [8].
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