Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. The cellular responses and mineralization capacity were studied in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to premixed hydraulic sealers, Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil), TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin-based material, AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Non-exposed cultures served as the control. The endodontic sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Statistical analyses were done using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparison (p = 0.05). AH Plus reduced cell viability and cell migration, whereas increased cell viability and cell migration were observed in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer (p < 0.05). The lowest cell attachment and spreading were observed for all concentrations of AH Plus, whereas the highest were observed for TotalFill BC Sealer. At the end of 21 days, only the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer supported matrix mineralization (p < 0.05). Additionally, SEM-EDX revealed high content of calcium, oxygen, and silicon in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer. Based on the results from this study, Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer demonstrated better cytocompatibility in terms of cell viability, migration, cell morphology, cell attachment, and mineralization capacity than AH Plus.
Highlights
In endodontic research, it is very important to know the toxicity or biocompatibility of new materials prior to their clinical application, as the compounds may potentially damage surrounding tissues [1,2]
Stem cells from periodontal tissues have been previously used as cell models for in vitro cytotoxic studies involving endodontic sealers, because these cells may be in direct contact with sealer extrusions [8,9,10,11]
The present research aimed to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer (AH Plus)
Summary
It is very important to know the toxicity or biocompatibility of new materials prior to their clinical application, as the compounds may potentially damage surrounding tissues [1,2]. New bioactive materials have been developed for use in dentistry, with a variety of clinical applications, ranging from vital pulp therapy to root canal filling, root-end filling, apexification and perforation repair [3,4,5]. In all applications, these materials are placed in contact with vital tissues, which may be the dental pulp or the periodontium, and facilitate biomineralization [6], the process by which a living organism synthesizes mineral substance. Stem cells from periodontal tissues (hPDLSCs) have been previously used as cell models for in vitro cytotoxic studies involving endodontic sealers, because these cells may be in direct contact with sealer extrusions [8,9,10,11].
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