Comparative Clinical Analysis of Polymicrobial and Monomicrobial Bacterial Keratitis

Abstract

Purpose: We comparatively analyzed the microbiological profiles, predisposing factors, clinical aspects, and treatment outcomes of patients with polymicrobial and monomicrobial bacterial keratitis.Methods: A total of 194 cases of culture-proven bacterial keratitis treated between January 2007 and December 2016 were reviewed. Microbiological profiles, the epidemiology, predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were compared between the polymicrobial group (polymicrobial bacterial keratitis [PBK]; 29 eyes, 62 isolates) and monomicrobial (monomicrobial bacterial keratitis [MBK]; 165 eyes, 165 isolates) group.Results: The most common isolates were <i>Enterobacter</i> (24%) in the PBK group and <i>Staphylococcus</i> (22%) in the MBK group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in previous ocular surface disease, previous ocular surgery, prior topical steroid use, epithelial defect size, and hypopyon. Age ≥60 years (PBK vs. MBK, 31% vs. 51%, <i>p</i> = 0.048), symptom duration (4.7 days vs. 8.0 days, <i>p</i> = 0.009), and contact lens use (34% vs. 18%, <i>p</i> = 0.036) were significantly different between the two groups. Regarding treatment outcomes, epithelial healing time ≥10 days, the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), a need for surgical intervention, and the rate of poor clinical outcome were not significantly different between the two groups. Significant risk factors for a poor clinical outcome in all patients were an initial BCVA <0.1 (<i>Z</i> = 6.33, two-proportion <i>Z</i>-test), an epithelial defect size ≥5 mm<sup>2</sup> (<i>Z</i> = 4.56), and previous ocular surface disease (<i>Z</i> = 4.36).Conclusions: Polymicrobial bacterial keratitis, compared to monomicrobial bacterial keratitis, was more significantly associated with younger age, contact lens use, and shorter symptom duration.