Abstract
Karyological and molecular studies were done in this paper on three species of genus Arum; <em>Arum italicum</em> Mill. and <em>Arum maculatum</em> L., with two varieties, and <em>Arum alpinum</em> Schott and Kotschy, also with two varieties. The main goal of this paper was to establish whether they were regularly determined exclusively on the principle of morphological parameters. Karyological studies showed that the number of chromosomes for<em> Arum italicum</em> Mill. amounted to 2n=84, for <em>Arum maculatum</em> L. 2n=56 and for <em>Arum alpinum</em> Schott and Kotschy 2n=28. This confirmed that these species are not only clean and separated, but also support the regularity of the morphological determination. Molecular studies, e.g. RAPD method showed that two genetically separated species groups correspond to the three mentioned species. <em>Arum italicum</em> Mill. is the least homogenous species closely related and the variability between populations is high. <em>Arum maculatum</em> L. is more homogenous within the species, two varieties could be differentiated whereas they are closely genetically related and the variability between the populations is too high. <em>Arum alpinum</em> is strongly homogenous and within these species two varieties could also be differentiated. That means that they are closely related and the variability between the populations is very high. These observations mostly coincided with previous morphological investigations.
Highlights
This work is a continuation of our research presented in the previous paper (Lendel et al 2004)
Karyological and molecular studies were done in this paper on three species of genus Arum; Arum italicum Mill. and Arum maculatum L., with two varieties, and Arum alpinum Schott & Kotschy, with two varieties
Karyological studies showed that the number of chromosomes for Arum italicum Mill. amounted to 2n=84, for Arum maculatum L. 2n=56 and for Arum alpinum Schott & Kotschy 2n=28
Summary
This work is a continuation of our research presented in the previous paper (Lendel et al 2004). As it has already been said, the three species, the two with two varieties, were determined in general as regular ones on the five localities exclusively on the basis of morphological parameters. Immaculatum Reichb., Arum alpinum Schott & Kotschy var. Studies of the species of genus Arum go back into the past (Reinchenbach 1830; Schott and Kotschy 1851; Schott 1860; Prime 1961; Terpó 1971, 1973, 1992; Bedalov 1975-1977, 1981, 1983; Bedalov and Fischer 1994; Bedalov et al 1998), but the identifications of the separate species have not been sufficient until today. The purpose of this study is to establish, through investigations of chromosomes and molecular studies, whether the previous morphological studies were exactly true
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