Abstract
The present study was aimed at comparing the brain size of mahseer (Tor putitora) in relation to their body weight and standard length, to investigate the potential impact of rearing environment on brain development in fish. The weight of the brain and three of its subdivisions cerebellum (CB), optic tectum (OT), and telencephalon (TC) were measured for both wild and hatchery-reared fish. The data was analysed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and discriminate function analysis (DFA). We found the fish reared under hatchery conditions exhibit smaller brain size related to body weight, when compared to the wild ones. A significant (p<0.5) difference was observed in the length of CB and OT concerning the standard body length while no significant difference was found in TC of the fish from both the origins. The results of the current study highlight a logical assumption that neural deficiency affects the behaviour of fish, that's why the captive-reared fish show maladaptive response and face fitness decline when released to the natural environment for wild stock enhancement. The current study concluded that hatchery-reared fish exhibit variations in gross brain morphology as compared to their wild counterpart.
Highlights
Animals are frequently captive reared for the production of quality meat, pet trade, potential use in laboratory experiments, recreation and conservation (Salvanes and Braithwaite, 2006; Naslund et al, 2012)
The use of hatcheries rearing to produce fish similar to their wild counterparts are often strongly criticized by evolutionary ecologists and biologists (Marchetti and Nevitt, 2003; Aprahamian et al, 2003; Fraser, 2008; McClure et al, 2008) because hatchery-raised fish are known to differ phenotypically (Brown and Laland, 2001; Marchetti and Nevitt, 2003) and less efficient in preventing wild population declines due to inferior rate of their survival in a natural environment just like the wild raised same fish species (Saloniemi et al, 2004; Huntingford et al, 2006; Araki et al, 2008)
The standard length of both the fish were selected for comparative analysis with brain measure
Summary
Animals are frequently captive reared for the production of quality meat, pet trade, potential use in laboratory experiments, recreation and conservation (Salvanes and Braithwaite, 2006; Naslund et al, 2012). Hatchery-reared fish display marked morphological (Vehanen and Huusko, 2011; Fleming et al, 1996), anatomical (Vehanen and Huusko, 2011), physiological (Johnsson et al, 2001) and behavioral (Naslund et al, 2012) differences when compared to their wild counterparts This can be interpreted as a maladaptive behavioral response in wild, and cause fitness decline (Brown and Laland, 2001; Biro et al, 2004; Larsson et al, 2011). Research face greater problem regarding the issues of using farmed fish in basic research programs to know about their behavior and to interpolate these results to the behavior of their wild counterparts is well documented (Naslund et al, 2012)
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