Comparative Bioactive Properties of Bivalve Clams Against Different Disease Molecular Targets

Abstract

Clams occupy a predominant share of the edible bivalve mollusks in the coastal regions, and are important seafood resources. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive potential of ethyl acetate-methanol (EtOAc-MeOH) extract of bivalve clams, Villorita cyprinoides and Paphia malabarica were evaluated using various in vitro systems. EtOAc-MeOH fraction of P. malabarica demonstrated greater 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (0.76 mg/mL) and 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (1.27 mg/mL) radical scavenging ability. A greater anti-ACE, anti-COX-2/5-LOX properties (1.11, 0.92 and 1.51 mg/mL, respectively), along with DPP-IV (1.00 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (1.47 mg/mL) inhibitory activities were recorded in the EtOAc-MeOH fraction of P. malabarica than V. cyprinoides. A significant co-linearity was found between various bioactive properties and the down-fielded electronegative groups present in the 1H-NMR spectra of the crude EtOAc-MeOH fractions of bivalve clams. The current findings showed the importance of the bivalves as potential source of antioxidative leads for use as functional food supplements to combat oxidative stress-induced diseases. Practical Applications The edible bivalve clams, V. cyprinoides and P. malabarica are broadly available in the coastal regions of India and demonstrated to possess a number of bioactivities against different disease targets induced by free radical formation. The EtOAc-MeOH fractions obtained from these bivalve clams recorded the COX-1 and COX-2 ratio of greater than 2.0 compared with NSAIDs (<1.0), which implied their greater selectivity against inflammatory responses and lesser side effect profiles. This study demonstrated the candidacy of the bivalves particularly, P. malabarica as potential source of bioactive leads for use as functional food supplements to deter deleterious free radical induced diseases, such as, inflammation, diabetes and hypertension.