Abstract
In this study thermo chemical characteristics of different virgin and waste engine oils (VWEO) have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to assess thermo chemical properties of different consumable automobile oils of the local market of Multan Pakistan to have insight knowledge about their adverse environmental effects. Four vehicle engines and one air compressor engine were included in this research work. Fifteen VWEO samples including motorcycle engine oils (M1M2MU), spark ignition (SI) engine oils (S1S2SU), compression ratio ignition (CI) engine oils (C1C2CU), air compressor engine oils (A1A2AU) and hydraulic engine oils(H1H2HU) have been analyzed and compared for specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, flash point, total base number (TBN), total acid number (TAN), copper corrosion and sulfur contents by adopting international methods. Elemental analysis has been carried out by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of some of the samples were found within the allowable range. However, motorcycle engine oil M2 and SI engine oil S2 were found below the minimum test limits possibly due to the adulteration. Furthermore, the samples were subjected to elemental analysis for the purpose of their adverse environmental effects. In two samples lead (Pb) concentrations were found above the maximum allowable limits while in three samples Chromium (Cr) level was more than its upper allowable limit.
Highlights
The most important part of the machine system is engine oil or lubricant which can be defined as the petroleum product that lubricates the internal combustion engine by protecting its surfaces from rubbing
Literature review shows that used engine oils contain poisonous materials like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals, degraded additives, halogen compounds, gums and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are very harmful to human health and aquatic life (Ogbuehi et al 2011; Sterpu et al 2012; Kamal et al 2009; Assunceo et al 2010; Boulding, 2005)
The results show that decline of alkalinity of the used oil sample M2 is greater SU, CU, in AU and HU which show slight decline in alkalinity relative to the virgin engine oils
Summary
The most important part of the machine system is engine oil or lubricant which can be defined as the petroleum product that lubricates the internal combustion engine by protecting its surfaces from rubbing. Oxidation increases the viscosity of the oil due to sludge formation which in turn looses the oil’s lubricant quality. The oil, at this stage needs to be replaced with fresh lubricant and the used oil is carefully stored for recycling because it is a valuable resource and great source of energy (Emam et al 2013). Literature review shows that used engine oils contain poisonous materials like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals, degraded additives, halogen compounds, gums and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are very harmful to human health and aquatic life (Ogbuehi et al 2011; Sterpu et al 2012; Kamal et al 2009; Assunceo et al 2010; Boulding , 2005)
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