Comparative assessment of the yield and quality indicators of soybean varieties according to traditional and organic technology

Abstract

Topicality. One of the alternatives to the intensification of agricultural production is the introduction of new ecological technologies that are aimed at realizing the natural potential of agrophytocenoses and are based on the effective use of their biological capabilities. Climate changes and development of environmentalization in agriculture create prerequisites for the selection of soybean varieties of different maturity groups and the study of their productivity potential and grain quality indicators under different cultivation technologies. Purpose. Assessment of soybean varieties by yield and grain quality indicators under traditional and organic technologies. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical, statistical analysis. Results. It was established that the grain yield of mid-early ripening soybean varieties (Everest, ES Professor and DH530) was 2.88 t/ha under traditional technology, and 2.24 t/ha under organic technology, and of mid-ripening soybean varieties (Winsdor, ES Pallador and Emperor) – 3.25 and 2.44 t/ha, respectively, that is higher than in mid-early ripening varieties. The difference in grain yield under traditional and organic technologies was 0.63 t/ha for mid-early ripening varieties, and 0.81 t/ha for mid-ripening varieties. Over two years of research, we found that soybean grain contained an average of 39.8–42.5 % protein, 20.1–21.7 % fat, and 11.7–13.9 % moisture. Protein yield ranged within 1.11–1.42 t/ha and fat yield – 0.57–0.72 t/ha due to higher soybean grain yield under traditional technology, which was by 21.0–24.7 and 21.5–25.6 % higher than under organic cultivation. It was found that the level of correlation between grain yield and protein content was above the average (r = 0.69 and 0.78) for traditional and organic cultivation, and the correlation between yield and fat content was high (r = 0.97 and 0.95). Conclusions. The quality indicators (protein and fat content) and grain moisture content of soybeans depended on the varietal characteristics and weather conditions and remained unchanged under the influence of cultivation technology. The soybean of Emperor variety had the highest grain yield (3.35 and 2.47 t/ha), protein yield (1.42 and 1.05 t/ha) and fat yield (0.72 and 0.54 t/ha), respectively, under traditional and organic cultivation technologies. Therefore, this variety can be recommended for cultivation under both technologies. Key words: soybean, productivity, protein content, fat content, grain moisture content