Abstract
The radiation based treatment of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMT) in aqueous solutions was investigated in the present study based on the use of high energy electron beam (EB) and gamma rays (γ) under different parametric conditions viz. initial concentrations, dose, pH of solution, addition of organic and inorganic additives, H2O2, and various water mediums. Presence of H2O2 exhibits significant effect on the mineralization efficiency of AMT rather than degradation extent. The efficacy of γ- and EB-irradiation to degrade AMT decreased in wastewater in comparison to surface, ground and ultrapure water. Under both radiation-based treatments, the degradation of AMT followed pseudo-first order rate kinetics and HO• was the most active reactive species employed in the degradation of AMT. Remarkably, the k-value of AMT degradation under EB-irradiation was found to be low in comparison to the k-value under γ-irradiation treatment of AMT. Toxicity assessment revealed that the both γ- and EB-irradiation treated AMT solutions did not acquire any toxicity against all the studied microorganisms when compared to un-treated solution of AMT. Total cost (operational and installation) for the degradation of AMT under γ- and EB-irradiation was also evaluated. In comparison to γ-irradiation, the use of EB plants could play an imperious role in near future at pilot and commercial scale for very large volume of real industrial wastewater treatment.
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