Comparative assessment of anticipated wind power capacities in Bulgaria and Kazakhstan

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of the projected growth in wind power capacities in Bulgaria and Kazakhstan from 2023 to 2030. It explores the development strategies, anticipated capacities, and the economic and environmental implications associated with these strategies in both nations. Bulgaria, with its strategic advancement under the European Union’s regulatory and financial framework, is set to expand its wind power capacity to 3.9 GW by 2030, including notable developments in both onshore and offshore wind energy sectors. The country's efforts are bolstered by governmental initiatives aimed at streamlining grid connections and facilitating faster project approvals, indicative of a mature market moving towards an integrated renewable energy system. Conversely, Kazakhstan, while starting from a lower baseline, displays significant potential for rapid expansion in its wind energy sector, aiming for a total capacity of approximately 4 GW by 2030. The focus primarily remains on harnessing its extensive onshore resources, with plans for offshore development still in the conceptual phase. This growth trajectory is driven by Kazakhstan's national priorities to enhance energy security and economic sustainability through renewable energy investments. This analysis underscores the varied approaches taken by Bulgaria and Kazakhstan in capitalizing on their geographic and political contexts to expand wind power, reflecting broader trends in global renewable energy development. The study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of renewable energy strategies in transitioning economies and their implications for regional energy markets.