COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNDER DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES OF SOIL PROCESSING IN CROP ROTATION

Abstract

World and domestic experience in the use of technologies has led to the need to revise approaches to soil cultivation, directions are primarily concerned with its minimization. The purpose of the research is to compare and substantiate the impact of different tillage technologies in a three-field crop rotation on the physical properties of typical chernozem. Applied materials and methods research results in a field experiment, analysis, generalization and statistical processing of data from stock and modern literary materials. The results of the study of the application of soil tillage technologies on the density and hardness of the soil, the productivity of soybeans of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It was established that the density of the soil under "No-till" technology and minimal tillage leads to an increase in the density of the soil compared to plowing. Its increase occurred most in the 20-30 cm layer of typical chernozem with minimal tillage. Replacing the shelf with zero and minimal tillage increased soil resistance. The hardness in the soil laver 0-30 cm after disk tillage was higher than plowing by 5.5 kg/cm2, after "No-till" technology – by 8.2 kg/cm2. Soybean productivity with soil discing decreased by 5.4% compared to plowing. According to the "No-till" technology and plowing the yield of soybean grain was obtained at the same level, which is 2,19 and t/ha, respectively. A promising direction for further research is the study of the structural and aggregate composition and reserves of available moisture in the meter-thick soil laver.