Abstract
Adverse effects of antimalarial drugs, which were commonly attributed to chloroquine such as: headache, various skin eruptions, Pruritus, Gastro-intestinal disturbances such as nausea, and vomiting. Others, such as: mental changes involving psychotic episodes, anxiety, visual disturbances such as blurred vision, keratopathy or retinopathy. Some common side effects like loss of hair, ototoxicity, photosensitivity, tinnitus, neuro-myopathy, myopathy, erythema multiformes and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolysis and blood dyscrasias, Neutropenia etc., are still reported in some patients treated with the Pyrimethamine and Sulphadoxine drug combination. The emergence of combination therapeutic approach to malaria treatment was believed to have reduced the frequency of these events, but most, still persist. This survey was conducted to therefore, assess the overall presentation of Diarrhoea, Pruritus and Vomit in Patients treated with Maloxine and Fansidar. At Day zero, (D0), 40(15.0%) Presented positive Diarrhoea cases; 05(1.9%) present positive cases of pruritus and 73(27.4%) presented positive cases of vomit. At Day 2, (D2), 03(1.1%) presented positive Diarrhoea cases as against 263(98.9%) of negative cases; 01(0.4%) presented positive cases of pruritus as against 265(99.6%) of negative cases. Day Seven, (D7) and Day Fourteen, (D14) recorded clearance of the adverse effects. There is therefore need for relevant drug treatment follow up to clear the adverse effects engendered by malaria drug therapy.
Highlights
Adverse effects of antimalarial drugs, which were commonly attributed to chloroquine such as: headache, various skin eruptions, Pruritus, Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, and vomiting
Some common side effects like loss of hair, ototoxicity, photosensitivity, tinnitus, neuro-myopathy, myopathy, erythema multiformes and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolysis and blood dyscrasias, Neutropenia etc., are still reported in some patients treated with the Pyrimethamine and Sulphadoxine drug combination
Malaria is a parasitic infection of red blood cells and the liver caused by four related species: Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, P. vivax, P. oval and P. malariae (WHO, 1990)
Summary
Malaria is a parasitic infection of red blood cells and the liver caused by four related species: Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, P. vivax, P. oval and P. malariae (WHO, 1990). Malaria has considerable potential for adversely influencing nutrition vis-à-vis; it can restrict food intake through anorexia, while causing gastrointestinal problems associated with vomiting or diarrhea (Franklin et al, 1984). Numerous other adverse effects of antimalarial drugs include various skin eruptions, mental changes including psychotic episodes, anxiety, visual disturbances such as blurred vision, keratopathy, (common with chloroquine drug), the uncommon side effects include loss of hair, photosensitivity, tinnitus, neuromyopathy and myopathy, eryrthema muitiforme and Stephen Johnsons syndrome, others include haemolysis and blood dyscrasias, Neutropenia. Rapid intravenous administration can result in cardiovascular toxicity and death may occur (Martindale, 1996)
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