Comparative aspect in the formation of the vocabulary of the terminology of the sublanguage of pediatrics

Abstract

In recent decades, the study of term formation processes has become more and more relevant both in Ukrainian and foreign linguistics. The study of lexical-semantic and structural-morphological features of terms makes it possible to assess the level of development of the corresponding terminological system and determine the priority directions of its normalization. Replenishment of the terminology of specialized languages takes place on the basis of general principles of word formation, characteristic of the language as a whole. The purpose of the article is to identify the trends of internationalization and autochthony in the process of naming diseases in the modern terminology of pediatrics. Understanding the main models of term formation provides an opportunity to master a professional language when exchanging and integrating data, which will contribute to the timely resolution of urgent medical issues. The object of the study is the terms used to designate children's diseases. Research methods. An etymological and comparative analysis of Latin, German and English terms was carried out in order to establish ways of transforming the names of children's diseases. Scientific novelty. German and English medical terminology was formed over the centuries under the influence of various factors that caused its heterogeneity. As for internal factors, at the turn of the century, a dynamic development of languages is observed, which leads to an increase in the number of borrowings and the restoration and improvement of their national language resources. Terms of ancient Greek and Latin origin deserve special attention. Over the centuries, the classical languages of antiquity played a unique role in the formation of medical terminology, which includes the nomenclature of pediatrics, where Greek-Latin morphemes today occupy leading positions from the point of view of term formation for the designation of its nominative classes. In our study, they function as Greek-Latin terms adapted to the phonetic and morphological features of the recipient language, for example, Latin. hepatitis > German die Hepatitis > Eng. hepatitis or lat. cherubismus > German der Cherubismus > Eng. cherubism. With the development of national terminology, terms of autochthonous origin appear, such as: lat. tussis convulsia > German der Keuchhusten > Eng. whooping cough or lat. metatarsus varus > German der Klumpfuß > Eng. clubfoot. In the era of globalization of society, English gradually became the language of international communication, as a result of which in German we have such terms as der Flap-Op (cleft palate in children undergoing surgery) or die Check-up-Untersuchung (screening examination) . Conclusions. A comparative lexical-etymological analysis of the terms of the specialized language of pediatrics made it possible to establish a certain specificity of the origin of the terms, where the etymological basis of the terminology consists of international and autochthonous elements that are fully or partially borrowed and have national counterparts in the specialized language.