Abstract
Tor douronensisandTor sorowere two of the four species of the Tor genus that live in Indonesian waters. However, studies related to the skeleton of these two fish are still rarely disclosed. The aim of this study compared the morphology of the caudal-fin (pinna caudalis)T. douronensisandT. soro. The research stages include sample preparation, making skeleton preparations, image analysis, and identification of skeleton terminology.T. douronensisfish were collected from the waters of the Pagar Alam area, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra, whileT. sorowas collected from the waters of Bukit Lawang, Bohorok District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The caudal-fin (pinna caudalis) is part of the ossa urostylus which produces optimal hydrodynamic propulsion. The caudal-fin (pinna caudalis) Genus Tor is part of theossa urostyluswhich is composed of 31 caudal-fin rays (pinnae), sixhypuralbones,parhypural,pleurostylus,epural, anduroneuralis. The ventral part ofT. douronensisandT. sorois composed of theparhypural,and the 1stand 2ndhypuralbones.T. douronensishad aparhypuralbone that was more prominent and separates from thespina hemaliscompared toT. soro. The dorsal part was composed of the 3rdhypuralbones to 6thhypural, inT. sorothehypuralbone was fused with cartilage.Os pleurostylus T. douronensishad a more prominent shape thanT. soroand there was enlargement in the posterior part. The 3rdand 4thhypuralbones onT. sorohad the largest size. TheT. sorohad threespina neuralisand threespina hemalisto support the rays of the tail. The bones that composed the caudal-fin ofT. douronensisandT. sorowere relatively similar to those of some fish from the family Cyprinidae. The results of this study could be used as an alternative to identifyT. douronensisandT. sorofrom the skeleton.
Highlights
Many studies of the fish skeleton morphology had been carried out, the nomenclature of the bones that make up the skeleton, especially the head, still shows a high level of inconsistency so that it had an impact on the bias of the bone constituent data for different fish species (Bogutskaya et al 2008) [1]
The ventral side of the T. douronensis and T. soro is composed of parhypural bone, and 1st – 2nd hypural bones
T. soro had three neural spines and three haemal spines to support the rays of the caudal fin (Figure 1.) The bones that make up the fins of the tail of T. douronensis and T. soro are relatively the same as some fish from other Cyprinidae families, such as Ischikauia steenackeri, Alburnus amirkabiri, Cyprinion milesi, and Barbus cyri [14][15][16][17]
Summary
Many studies of the fish skeleton morphology had been carried out, the nomenclature of the bones that make up the skeleton, especially the head, still shows a high level of inconsistency so that it had an impact on the bias of the bone constituent data for different fish species (Bogutskaya et al 2008) [1]. Fish of the same genus generally have almost similar external morphological characteristics so that it was sometimes difficult to distinguish, additional analysis was needed to be able to identify differences between these species, including through skeleton comparisons. Fish have two paired fins and three single fins. The caudal-fin had optimal hydrodynamic propulsion and the shape could indicate the swimming habits of fish [9]. The shape of the fins and the rays of the fins are modified from the general form and had several other additional functions, such as sperm distribution and attachment tools [9]
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