Abstract
ABSTRACT The foregut and midgut glands of hyperiids are strongly aberrant in comparison with gammaridean amphipods. In hyperiids, the stomach has a reduced filter capability. In the genus Cyllopus, there is only a one-step filter developed, which is of different origin from the filter structures of gammaridean stomachs. In all other hyperiids, the stomach has lost its filter function. In the genus Phrosina, the stomach cavity is completely reduced. Corresponding to the reduction of stomach filtration, the anatomy of the midgut gland is transformed from the plesiomorphic condition of blind-ending tubes to large saclike digestion chambers. The stomach connects with the midgut gland. There is a constriction between the midgut gland and the midgut. Food morsels were found in the stomach and the midgut gland but not in the midgut of these species. The role of the midgut remains obscure. This investigation yielded synapomorphies for the otherwise not well-justified taxon Hyperiidea.
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