Abstract
Machining performance consists to associate the optimal process and cutting parameters and maximum material removal rate with the most appropriate tool while controlling the machined surface state. This work verifies the influence of standard and wiper cutting tools on generated surface roughness and residual stress in dry finish turning operation of the martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 in a comparative way. Tests are conducted for different combinations of tool nose geometry, feed rate and depth of cut being analyzed through the Design of Experiments regarding to surface roughness parameters Ra and Rt. Moreover, the formation of residual stresses in the material (using the technique of X-Ray Diffraction) was evaluated after the machining process for these two cutting geometries and thereafter the result was compared between them. An ANOVA is performed to clarify the influence of cutting parameters on generated surface roughness, which outputs inform that cutting tool geometry is the most influent on Ra and Rt. It is concluded that analyzed wiper inserts present low performance for low feed rates. Regarding the analysis of the residual stresses it can be stated that for standard and wiper tools the values collected show that for finish turning the compression stresses were found. It can be observed that the greatest amount of compressive stress has been found for the standard tool.
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