Comparative Analysis of Vagotomy and Drainage Versus Vagotomy and Resection Procedures for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease: Results of 907 Patients from the Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine postoperative outcomes and risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients requiring surgery for bleeding peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Vagotomy and drainage procedures are technically simpler but are usually associated with higher ulcer recurrence rates. In contrast, vagotomy and resection approaches offer lower ulcer recurrences but represent much more challenging operations and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Data collected through the Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 1991 to 2001 were submitted for stepwise logistic regression analysis for prediction of 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality, rebleeding, and postoperative length of stay. The study population included all patients operated on for bleeding PUD within an 11-year period. The 30-day morbidity, mortality, and rebleeding rates were comparable between surgical groups. Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, presence of ascites, coma, diabetes, functional status, hemiplegia, and history of steroid use were predictors of postoperative death. Risk factors for rebleeding included dependent functional status, history of congestive heart failure, smoking, steroid use, and preoperative transfusions. Having a resective procedure, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, hemiplegia, history of COPD, and requiring ventilator-assisted respirations before surgery were positively associated with increased length of hospital stay. No differences were observed in 30-day mortality, morbidity, or rebleeding rates between surgical groups. Having a resective procedure was a predictor of prolonged postoperative stay. Dependent status and chronic use of steroids were predictors of both rebleeding and postoperative mortality.