Abstract
Quantification of the spatial pattern of urban heat island intensities across the transnational urban agglomeration of the Tumen River is important for the promotion of sustainable regional development. This study employed Landsat images and MODIS LST data obtained in 2016 to determine the intensity of urban heat islands in this region, enabling direct comparison of data from the sub-regions of China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Russia. The average urban heat island intensity for the region was found to be 1.0 °C, with the highest intensity of 3.0 °C occurring during the summer time. The intensity of urban heat islands on the Chinese side was higher than on the other two sides, with city size, socio-economic development levels and vegetation coverage significantly affect their intensity. Urban heat island effects in Chinese cities in the region contribute increases in maximum summer temperatures and the number of high-temperature days that pose a threat to the health of their residents. The factors that influence urban heat island intensities in these cities and the impacts of urban heat island effects on the quality of life and health of residents are discussed. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the impact of urban heat island effects on cities in the region by increasing the area of green spaces they contain, as well as controlling their size and population.
Highlights
Urban temperatures are significantly higher than those in the rural areas [1,2,3], with Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) values [4] used to quantify these temperature differences [1]
The transnational urban agglomeration of the Tumen River (TUATR) in northeastern Asia is located across the region of China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Russia, with this geographical area including the major port cities of Vladivostok, Luojin, and Chongjin [9,17] (Figure 1)
This region represents an important part of the “Chinese-Russian-DPRK-Mongolia” international cShusataninnaebliliatys2a01k8e, y10,cxoFmOpRoPnEeEnRtRoEfVtIhEWe Chinese “The Belt and Road” strategy [17], which has also3boefe1n6 identified as a key region for the development of Russia’s Far East region and Luoxian Economic Zone iCnoDuPnRtyK. .TThheerRefuosrsei,atnhessiduestaoifnathbele rdievveerlocpovmeernstaonf raergeioanoafl caiptipesroinxitmhiastealryea7i1s0o0f gsrqeuaatriemkpiolortmanecteertso, tihnrceluedcionugntthrieesm[1a8jo–r2c0i]t.ieTshVe lraadpiivdousrtobkan, Aizratteiomn, oHfathssisanre, gainodn Nhaaskrheislkuilntesdk.inThaen tiontcarleapsoepiunlathtieoUn HofIIthine trheigsioanreain[2210],1w6 iwthagslo9b.0a3l wmairlmlioinng, wpriethdicatnedutrobainncrpeoaspeutlhateiotenmopfer2a.3tu1remoiflltiohnis rceogriroenspfounrtdhienrg[2t2o,2a3n]
Summary
Urban temperatures are significantly higher than those in the rural areas [1,2,3], with Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) values [4] used to quantify these temperature differences [1]. The transnational urban agglomeration of the Tumen River (TUATR) in northeastern Asia is located across the region of China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Russia, with this geographical area including the major port cities of Vladivostok, Luojin, and Chongjin [9,17] (Figure 1). This region represents an important part of the “Chinese-Russian-DPRK-Mongolia” international cShusataninnaebliliatys2a01k8e, y10,cxoFmOpRoPnEeEnRtRoEfVtIhEWe Chinese “The Belt and Road” strategy [17], which has also3boefe1n6 identified as a key region for the development of Russia’s Far East region and Luoxian Economic Zone iCnoDuPnRtyK. Tuhrbearenfiozraeti,oqnuraantetifoyfi2n5g.5t7h%e ,swpaitthiatlhpreaettceirtniesofcoUnHtaIiInaincgromssotrheethTaUnA30T0R,0i0s0impepooprltea—ntYtaonjpi rCoimtyooten tthhee sCuhsitnaeinseabslieded,eCvehloonpgmjiennCt iotyf roengitohneaslicdietieins iDnPtRhiKs aarneda.Vladivostok on the Russian side
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