Comparative analysis of treatment efficiency in chronic periodontitis using experimental therapies with peptide-containing preparation and polyoxidonium

Abstract

In this article, a comparative analysis of two experimental methods for treatment of chronic parodontitis was carried out, using a locally applied composition of silicon glycerohydrogel — peptide, and local injections of “Polyoxidonium” drug. The aim of this study was to compare efficiency of the two experimental methods for treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: Using the facilities at the Institute of Immunology and Physiology (Yekaterinburg), a model of chronic inflammation of periodontal tissues was developed in Wistar rats, further treated by two experimental methods, i.e., (1) applying a composition containing organosilicon glycerohydrogel and a synthetic peptide, or (2) injections of “Polyoxidonium” drug directly into the foci of inflammation. Subsequently, a comparative evaluation of their efficiency was performed, including comparisons with control groups. The latters were treated by topical use of organosilicon glycerohydrogel (Group 1), and the local application of “Metrogyl Denta” gel (Group 2). Upon completion of the treatment, clinical and histological data were evaluated and compared. As based on the data obtained, we have found that all these drugs exerted favorable effect on the tissue regeneration, and led to reduced intensity of inflammatory processes. We have revealed also that the organosilicon glycerohydrogel — peptide composition provided a faster effect, due to the special characteristics of its components. The hydrogel, which has transcutaneous activity and plays a role of conductor substance, promotes faster penetration of the peptide into the tissues, thus allowing the peptide substance for more pronounced, complex antimicrobial and regenerative effect upon various pathogenetic components of chronic perirodontitis. If compared with the groups treated by glycerohydrogel silicon and “Polyoxidonium”, the terms of clinical improvement in the glycerohydrogel-peptide group were found to be increased by 57%, and appropriate indexes in the group treated with “Metrogyl Denta” improved by about 15%. The results of histological examination have confirmed normalization of the local tissue structure, as well as decreased inflammatory response observed for all the groups. Of particular interest, regeneration terms in the glycerohydrogel-peptide group were shorter (16 to 20 days) than in other groups (from 20 days), thus suggesting a more pronounced effect of this composition when compared to other treatments. Due to the presence of antimicrobial peptides in formulation of the glycerohydrogel-peptide composition, both pathogenetic and etiological links of the disease are affected, thus being important for development of integral approach to the treatment of chronic periodontitis.