Comparative analysis of thermodynamics of a human organism from the standpoint of waste formation as compared to artificial technologies

Abstract

The paper studies the features of the functioning of the human body from the standpoint of its thermodynamism. A conditional cybernetic model of the human body metabolism has been compiled, it reflecting the main routes of energy input and expenditure. The approximate material and energy balance of the human body in metaphysical terms has been calculated. Comparative characteristics of a human being and some technical systems are presented as waste-forming in terms of comparable indicators of affinity functions an and rejection functions gn. The correlation between the thermodynamic parameters of the most ancient technologies, such as production of cheese, wine, bread, that is, the first truly artificial food technologies in comparison with the thermodynamics of the production of the human body itself, has been estimated, at least in relation to such indicators as affinity and rejection functions. It has been shown that all thermal processes occurring in the human body are thermodynamically stable and clearly nonequilibrium, which indicates its high thermodynamic efficiency in relation to waste products, and the state of thermodynamic equilibrium or close to it only results from either the inhibition of this system or its death. The condition of thermodynamic nonequilibrium in a biological system has been presented in terms of affinity and rejection functions, as for a waste generating system in terms of graph theory. It has been shown that the body, in conditions of such a balance of the parameters of the feedstock (food), with a certain frequency, turns it into amino acids, carbon dioxide, water, etc., thereby independently preventing the achievement of instant thermodynamic equilibrium. The entropy of the human body depends on the efficiency of its work aimed at maintaining its functions (PAM) and on the performance of external work (PAL) and depends on the conditions of the course of both metabolism and catabolism. The paper presents a solution to the problem of conditions of thermodynamic dualism for the human body, by analogy and in comparison with artificial technologies. Using the function diagrams and , a comparative analysis has been carried out, confirming the existence of conditions for thermodynamic nonequilibrium and thermodynamic bi-unity of metabolic processes in the human body. The conditions of thermodynamic stability have been calculated for the human body at rest, for moderate work, for physically hard work. It has been shown that such data coincide with the diagrams of thermodynamic stability plotted for water, aqueous solutions, various states of aggregation of water, in view of the fact that 80% of the human body consists of this fluid