Abstract
This paper presents the measurement results of the thermal insulation of the outer shell, thermal inserts, and clothing systems, as well as a comparative analysis of the thermal insulation of multi-layer thermal inserts in a thermal jacket intended for professional services in cold weather. Detachable thermal inserts are made of double-faced, diamond-shaped quilted lining with different masses per unit area, and together with the jacket, they form clothing systems with different thermal properties. Tests of the thermal properties of clothing were performed on a thermal manikin. They showed that an increase in the mass of thermal insulation textile materials contributes to an increase in the thermal insulation properties of clothing and are insufficient for a complete analysis of the thermal properties of clothing. Therefore, for the first time, three new parameters of integration efficiency of the thermal insert, thermal insulation efficiency parameters, and efficiency parameters of the integration of the textile material integrated into the clothing system were introduced. Based on these parameters, it is possible to perform an effective and accurate comparative analysis of the thermal insulation of multi-layer thermal inserts in clothing. This makes it possible to apply exact scientific methods largely in the technical design of the thermal properties of integrated textile materials, instead of experience-based methods as in the past.
Highlights
Exact measurements in the field of thermal insulation of clothing began in the 1940s when the USArmy was developing the first thermal manikin [1], and more intensely in the 1980s when international research on cold protective clothing, clothing physiology, and thermal functions of clothing began.Thermal insulation is nowadays expressed in SI-units by m2 K W−1
Testing the thermal insulation of an undressed thermal manikin in static mode was performed for outer shells and thermal inserts combined in different test clothing systems
In order to determine the limit when a further increase in the mass of the textile thermal insulation material does not contribute to a significant increase in the thermal insulation properties of garments, it is necessary to define new parameters of thermal insulation efficiency and the textile mass integrated into the clothing system
Summary
Exact measurements in the field of thermal insulation of clothing began in the 1940s when the USArmy was developing the first thermal manikin [1], and more intensely in the 1980s when international research on cold protective clothing, clothing physiology, and thermal functions of clothing began.Thermal insulation is nowadays expressed in SI-units by m2 K W−1. Exact measurements in the field of thermal insulation of clothing began in the 1940s when the US. Gagge et al published a scientific paper in 1941 defining a warm business suit providing thermal insulation of approximately. 0.155 m2 K W−1 for the whole body, which was originally equal to 1 Clo unit [2], and refers to a person who feels thermal comfort when sitting in a ventilated room with an ambient temperature of 21 ◦ C, an airflow of 0.1 m s−1 , and a relative humidity of less than 50%. R. Mather’s “Climatology: Fundamentals and Applications” as units measuring the thermal insulation value of clothing, as well. To achieve a more simple perception of these units, it should be pointed out that the naked human body has an insulation value of 0.0 Clo, and a value of 1.0 Clo refers to a person who is dressed in a typical business suit [3,4]. The Clo unit is easier to understand and more used in clothing engineering
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