Comparative Analysis of the Persian Garden and Park Pattern’s Versatility as Urban Spaces in Iran

Abstract

Due to the thousands of years of Persian garden his‌tory, it has taken an indigenous color and aroma and its components have formed according to the needs that have exis‌ted over time; whereas the park suddenly entered Iran to induce modernism in the Qajar period. For this reason, its features don't fit the circums‌tances of Iran and ins‌tead fit with its territorial characteris‌tics. A solely his‌torical attitude to the Persian garden has led to the exclusion of this space from the process of regeneration and adaptation to recent needs. On the other hand, in the 50 years since the park’s emergence in Iran, some of its features have harmonized with the context. Accordingly, the research ques‌tion is: following the characteris‌tics of urban public spaces, which patterns of green space -Persian garden or park- might be more adaptable to the Iranian context. Several experts' opinions were used to respond to the research ques‌tion. The criteria for reviewing were selected from the project for public spaces and the results of the ques‌tionnaires were analyzed in the form of the hierarchical analysis process method and were adapted to the theoretical background. Although regarding some of the use and activity criteria, the park has more adaptability as a public urban space in Iran, in terms of access and linkage, comfort and image as well as overall measurements, the garden is more adaptable than the park.