Comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of non-immunogenic staphylokinase and alteplase in bridging therapy of ischemic stroke

Abstract

Introduction. Bridging therapy is the main method of treating ischemic stroke (IS) due to proximal occlusion, the effectiveness of which depends on the speed of its implementation. It is possible to increase the speed of systemic thrombolytic therapy (STT) and reduce the delay before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) by using bolus forms of thrombolytic drugs.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using non-immunogenic staphylokinase compared to alteplase in bridging therapy of IS in real clinical practice of a regional stroke center (RSC).Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the combined use of STT and MT for the treatment of IS due to proximal occlusion was conducted from the reperfusion therapy registry of the RSC of the Tomsk Regional Clinical Hospital from 2017 to 2023. The final analysis included 49 patients who received non-immunogenic staphylokinase and 26 patients who received alteplase.Results. The time between the stages of bridging therapy was 92.0 [65.0–130.0] min in the non-immunogenic staphylokinase group and 35.0 [25.0–50.0] min in the alteplase group (p < 0.001). No intergroup differences were found in the incidence of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation: 8.1% in the non-immunogenic staphylokinase group and 3.8% in the alteplase group (p = 0.476). Mortality in both groups did not differ significantly and was 30.6% and 26.9%, respectively. Favorable functional outcome was observed in 40.8% of patients in the non-immunogenic staphylokinase group and in 23.1% in the alteplase group (p = 0.151).Conclusion. Comparable efficacy and safety of non-immunogenic staphylokinase and alteplase in the context of staged reperfusion therapy were revealed. The use of non-immunogenic staphylokinase is associated with a decrease in the time between the stages of bridging therapy.