Comparative analysis of the composition and content of phenolic compounds in fruits of wild species of Malus native to eastern Siberia and the Far East

Abstract

Comparative analysis of the composition and content of phenolic compounds (PC) in the fruits of three wild species of Malus: Malus mandshurica, Malus chamardabanica, Malus sachalinensis, native to Eastern Siberia and the Far East, was carried out. It was established that the tissues of the fruits of the three species, on the whole, had a qualitative composition of PC characteristic of the genus Malus. Quantitative differences in the content of individual PC were found between the species. The fruits of M. chamardabanica showed a high content of anthocyanins and low flavans. A characteristic feature of the fruit of M. sachalinensis was a high content of dihydrochalcones — more than 50% of the total PC content of. A high (about 80%) content of flavans was found in the fruits of M. mandshurica. At the same time, about 20% of their total amount was was accounted for procyanidin B2, which was not found in the other two species studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that two principal components (PC1, PC2,) together accounted for more than 99% variation of the total observed variations. PC1 strongly integrated with phloridzin. The data obtained may be of interest for pharmacology, selection of agriculturally valuable traits for breeding new apple varieties, as well as for the study of chemosystematics of the genus Malus.