Comparative Analysis Of Tense Verb Forms In Chechen And Ingush Languages

Abstract

Chechen and Ingush languages are characterized by a relatively extensive system of tense forms, especially past tenses. Both analytical and synthetic tense forms often use the linking verb ву (ду, бу, йу) “to be”. This auxiliary linking verb in the verb forms is partially or completely desemanized. In Nakh languages the phonemes of secondary formation уь, оь, аь, and е and their long options, as well as diphthongs ие, иэ, уо, уоь are result of phonetic changes – palatalizations and labializations of vowels of the V1 system under the influence of the vowels of the V2 system, junction of vowels and consonants, assimilations. In the modern Ingush language, palatalized rounded vowels уь and оь, characteristic of the Chechen language, are absent or observed only in the speech of the elderly, the sound оь in speech is replaced by иэ, and the sounds [уь > уй, ов/оу>уу, а > аь]. In the Ingush language, the process of depalatalization and delabialization of vowels continues, which led to the diphthongization of monophthongs and the formation of new diphthongs (а>ие, уо>ие, а>оа, а – иэ). Approximants [w, (j)], which are present as prefixes in class verbs, in particular in the Chechen language, play a huge role in phonetic processes, the influence of sound [w] on many phonetic changes is more noticeable, while in Ingush – the influence [i (j)]. The sound [u] was widely represented in the Pranakh language as a primary vowel in the verb stems of the infinitive and the present.