Comparative analysis of sulfiredoxin and total oxidative stress levels in diabetic individuals with periodontitis: A case-control study.

Abstract

The delicate balance between oxidative stress and its antioxidant system can be disrupted in diabetes mellitus (DM), making the tissue susceptible to injury. Hence, this case-control study aims to estimate and correlate the gingival tissue sulfiredoxin and crevicular total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in generalized periodontitis Stage II individuals Grade C (PSII) with and without type II DM. A total of 72 individuals were grouped based on their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and clinical parameters: group I, periodontally healthy non-diabetic (HbA1c<5.7%) (n=24); group II, non-diabetic with PSII (n=24); and group III, diabetic individuals (HbA1c>6.5%) with PSII (n=24). Gingival tissues and crevicular fluid samples were collected. The samples with adequate protein concentrations (n=72) were further estimated for sulfiredoxin and TOS levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and calorimetric method, respectively. Tissue sulfiredoxin and crevicular TOS levels are increased significantly in the periodontitis group compared to the non-periodontitis group (p<0.001).The tissue sulfiredoxin levels did not vary significantly between the two periodontitis groups (p<0.179). The TOS levels are significantly higher in the diabetic compared to non-diabetic periodontitis group (p<0.001). Correlation statistics showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.65 and p<0.005) between sulfiredoxin and TOS levels in diabetes with PSII group, however, no such significant correlation was observed in the non-diabetic PSII group (r=0.255 and p<0.422). Diabetic individuals showed inadequate sulfiredoxin-mediated antioxidant response to an increase in oxidative stress levels in periodontitis Stage II Grade C individuals.