Abstract
Background: Complicated intra-abdominal infections have become a major health challenge that merits safe and efficacious therapy. Antibiotic therapy is the treatment of choice, however the duration of antibiotic use is debatable.
 Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of the short course and long course antibiotic therapy towards the treatment and the progressive outcome of patients presented with complicated intra-abdominal infections.
 Methodology: This comparative study was carried out on 94 subjects (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling), who presented with complicated intra-abdominal infections, had signs and symptoms of infection along with ultrasound abdomen examination consistent with infective foci and routine blood test showing raised total leukocyte count, at the Department of Surgery - Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. Subjects were divided into two groups (47 in each) through a random assignments. Group-A was kept on a short course (5-7-days) while Group-B was kept on a long course (7-10 days) antibiotic therapy. Data were documented using a structured questionnaire, including inquiries related to sociodemographic details, disease specifics, and observed for the outcome variables (mainly postoperative early resolution of infection and long hospital stay).
 Results: In Group A, resolution of infection was achieved in 59.57%, 29.79% and 10.64% patients on day 5, 6 and 7, espectively. In Group B, esoluation of infection was only reported as 42.55%, 36.17% and 21.28% on day 5, 6 and 7, respectively. The median duration of taking antibiotic was almost half in short course group than the long. Surgical site infections were commonly observed in Group B patients. There was no mortality observed in both groups. There is no significance difference observed in primary outcome of clinical cure among the groups.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded that the short course antibiotic therapy has good efficacy to treat CIAI when the primary foci of infection are surgically extracted with adequate source control.
Highlights
Group-A was kept on a short course (5-7-days) while Group-B was kept on a long course (7-10 days) antibiotic therapy
It can be concluded that the short course antibiotic therapy has good efficacy to treat Complicated intra-abdominal infections (CIAI) when the primary foci of infection are surgically extracted with adequate source control
Complicated intra-abdominal infections (CIAI) are a mutual problem faced by surgeons worldwide
Summary
Complicated intra-abdominal infections (CIAI) are a mutual problem faced by surgeons worldwide. CIAIs are intra-abdominal infections that have extended beyond the organ of origin causing either an abscess formation or peritonitis [2]. The cause of CIAI is thought to be either preexisting organ failure of the patient or infection by the surgeon or working team during surgery and incomplete source control that extends the infection beyond the specific organ to the peritoneal cavity [3]. Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of the short course and long course antibiotic therapy towards the treatment and the progressive outcome of patients presented with complicated intra-abdominal infections. The median duration of taking antibiotic was almost half in short course group than the long. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the short course antibiotic therapy has good efficacy to treat CIAI when the primary foci of infection are surgically extracted with adequate source control
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