Abstract
In this paper, the most significant definitions of reactive power in single-phase and three-phase three-wire systems with non-sinusoidal voltages and currents are presented. Comparative analysis of these definitions has been performed. Fundamental principles on which these definitions rely are stated, and the application of these definitions to solving the problems of compensation is explained. Contrary to single-phase or three-phase symmetrical systems operating under sinusoidal conditions, reactive power compensation in systems operating under non-sinusoidal conditions does not result in maximal efficiency of electric energy delivery. Less efficiency in comparison to the theoretical maximum is being explained by the presence of harmonics and asymmetries in the system. Therefore, in the context of the reduction of losses during electric energy delivery to the load, the possibilities of nonactive power reduction should be contemplated instead of the possibilities of reactive power reduction.
Highlights
Za razliku od izraza (3),(4),(7) i (8) u kojima je reaktivna snaga definisana primenom operatora usrednjavanja, što u osnovi onemogućava upotrebu tako dobijene veličine za potpunu kompenzaciju uticaja viših harmonika, definicije (5) i (6) koje koriste trenutne vrednosti daju veličine koje se mogu upotrebiti za potpunu eliminaciju viših harmonika struje pri neizobličenom naponu
Uporedna analiza proračuna reaktivne snage na osnovu različitih definicija je izvršena na primeru monofaznog potrošača napajanog preko trofaznog tiristorskog mosta
In the context of the reduction of losses during electric energy delivery to the load, the possibilities of nonactive power reduction should be contemplated instead of the possibilities of reactive power reduction
Summary
Klasičan koncept reaktivne snage je vezan za sinusoidalan režim u monofaznom ili trofaznom uravnoteženom sistemu. Reaktivna snaga je amplituda oscilatorne komponente trenutne snage koja je posledica razmene energije između izvora i potrošača, pri čemu je srednja snaga ove komponente jednaka nuli. Gde su SIEEE i SDIN prividne snage izračunate prema definicijama IEEE i DIN standarda, a P je aktivna snaga. Reaktivna snaga predstavlja meru amplitude jedne ili više oscilatornih komponenata trenutne snage razmene energije između izvora i potrošača, pri čemu je srednja snage ovih komponenata jednaka nuli. Reaktivna snaga je mera izobličenja talasnog oblika struje u odnosu na talasni oblik napona u monofaznom sistemu i obuhvata sve komponente snage koje uzrokuju povećanje prividne snage u odnosu na aktivnu snagu. Eliminacijom struje iq odnosno anuliranjem reaktivne snage QF postiže se minimizacija gubitaka snage.
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