Abstract
BackgroundThe silkworm Bombyx mori is a lepidopteran insect with four developmental stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult. The hemolymph of the silkworm is in an open system that circulates among all organs, and functions in nutrient and hormone transport, injury, and immunity. To understand the intricate developmental mechanisms of metamorphosis, silkworm hemolymph from different developmental stages, including the 3rd day of fifth instar, the 6th day of fifth instar, the 3rd day of pupation, the 8th day of pupal stage and the first day of the moth stage, was investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.ResultsTwo-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that from the larval to moth stages, silkworm hemolymph proteins changed markedly. Not only did major proteins such as SP1, SP2, and the 30 K lipoprotein change, but other proteins varied greatly at different stages. To understand the functions of these proteins in silkworm development, 56 spots were excised from gels for analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We identified 34 proteins involved in metamorphosis, programmed cell death, food digestion, metabolism, and nutrient storage and transport. Most proteins showed different expression at different stages, suggesting functions in development and metamorphosis. An abundance of proteins related to immunity were found, including hemolin, prophenoloxidase, serine proteinase-like protein, paralytic peptide-binding protein, and protease inhibitor.ConclusionsProteomics research not only provides the opportunity for direct investigation of protein expression patterns, but also identifies many attractive candidates for further study. Two-dimensional maps of hemolymph proteins expressed during the growth and metamorphosis of the silkworm offer important insights into hemolymph function and insect metamorphosis.
Highlights
IntroductionThe silkworm Bombyx mori is a lepidopteran insect with four developmental stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult
The silkworm Bombyx mori is a lepidopteran insect with four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
Proteins around 80 kDa were detected at the 1st day of fifth instar, and their expression level gradually increased from the 3rd day of fifth instar, reaching a maximum at the wandering stage, descending acutely, and almost disappearing during pupation
Summary
The silkworm Bombyx mori is a lepidopteran insect with four developmental stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult. To understand the intricate developmental mechanisms of metamorphosis, silkworm hemolymph from different developmental stages, including the 3rd day of fifth instar, the 6th day of fifth instar, the 3rd day of pupation, the 8th day of pupal stage and the first day of the moth stage, was investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In 1980 s, two major proteins, SP1 (storage protein 1) and SP2 (storage protein 2), were discovered in silkworm larval hemolymph These two proteins show clear variability and sex-differentiation during last instar stage development [3,4]. Hemolymph proteins from different developmental stages were investigated by 2Delectrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF MS), to construct a profile of silkworm hemolymph proteins from larva to moth, to aid in a comprehensive understanding of silkworm metamorphosis
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