Comparative analysis of pristine and Cd2+ influenced potassium acid phthalate single crystal for photonic device applications

Abstract

A very first attempt has been made to improve the overall performance of potassium acid phthalate (KAP) crystal using Cd2+ ion, hence pristine and Cd2+ influenced KAP (Cd-KAP) crystal has been grown at 35 °C by slow solvent evaporation method. The comparative approach of analysis has been adopted to explore the structural, optical and electrical properties of Cd-KAP crystal. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has been employed to determine the structural parameters of grown crystal. The element detection of Cd-KAP crystal has been performed by means of energy dispersive spectroscopic technique. The enhancing impact of Cd2+ on optical transmittance of KAP crystal has been examined using the UV–vis spectral analysis. The 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear optical features of Cd-KAP crystal has been assessed by employing Kurtz-Perry test and Z-scan analysis respectively. The second harmonic generation efficiency of Cd-KAP crystal is found higher than KDP and KAP crystal. He-Ne laser assisted Z-scan analysis has been imposed to examine and evaluate the third order nonlinear optical properties (n2, β, χ3) of Cd-KAP crystal. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of pure and Cd-KAP crystal has been comparatively evaluated at different temperatures ranging from room temperature to 90 °C.