Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the HUMAC Balance System (HBS) and Balance Trainer BTG4 (BTG) in comparison to a laboratory-grade force platform (FP) for postural control (PC) and vertical jump performance (VJP) assessment. In addition, reliability of the three devices was measured for PC.MethodsOverall 22 participants (age = 37.8 ± 13.3 years; gender = 9 male, 13 female; height = 174.1 ± 10.5 cm; body mass = 75.3 ± 17.6 kg) were recruited to participate. Double and single leg standing balance tests with eyes open or closed and counter movement jumps (CMJ) were performed on two separate occasions. Reliability and concurrent validity for COP parameters and VJP were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots (BAP), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC).ResultsCOP path length test-retest reliability was predominantly good to excellent for all three devices (ICC = 0.80–0.95). SEM and MDC values were high for all plates (SEM% = 8.0–15.2; MDC% = 22.8–44.5), with the HBS MDC values higher than the KIS and BTG in three of the four trials. ICC scores for concurrent validity were good to excellent for the BTG (ICC = 0.76–0.93) and moderate to good for the HBS (0.49–0.83). Band-Altman plots revealed a systematic bias for the HBS towards higher COP path length values under all conditions and for the BTG in two out of four trials towards lower values. Validity of VJP was excellent for the BTG (ICC = 1.0) and poor for the HBS (0.34), with a systematic bias towards lower values.ConclusionThe comparative analysis of PC and VJP revealed reliable and valid results for the BTG in comparison to a laboratory-grade force plate. The HBS showed reliable results for PC assessment with restrictions regarding its validity. Results of VJP showed that the HBS revealed deficits in the assessment of activities that require rapid, high force movements such as jumping and running. Due to the variable results of all three devices, it is recommended not to use them interchangeably.
Highlights
The postural control system guarantees the maintenance of balance and body orientation in the standing position
standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) values were high for all plates (SEM% = 8.0– 15.2; MDC% = 22.8–44.5), with the HUMAC Balance System (HBS) MDC values higher than the KIS and BTG in three of the four trials
Band-Altman plots revealed a systematic bias for the HBS towards higher center of pressure (COP) path length values under all conditions and for the BTG in two out of four trials towards lower values
Summary
The postural control system guarantees the maintenance of balance and body orientation in the standing position. It is a complex construct that depends on the functions of the nervous, sensory and motor systems [1]. Vertical jump performance (VJP) is used for the assessment of complex motor performance and the lower limb muscle strength/power, especially for the leg extensor chain. Both motor functions are essential for the performance of sports and even activities of daily living. Assessment of postural control (PC) and VJP has been shown to provide valuable information in a variety of situations. Fields of application are e.g. the prediction of falls, quantification of non-specific low back pain, ankle instability and further issues in physical therapy, medicine or engineering [1,2,3]
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