Comparative analysis of pathological characteristics between endoscopic biopsy and postoperative pathology of early gastric cancer

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of endoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer by comparing the effect of preoperative gastroscopic biopsy with that of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)/surgical resection. METHODS: Ninety-two patients with early gastric cancer admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to June 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects. All patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent preoperative gastroscopy, pathological biopsy, and pathological examination after ESD/surgery, and the pathological diagnosis results before and after surgery were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the positive rate of early gastric cancer and the degree of tumor differentiation between preoperative gastroscopic biopsy and ESD/surgical pathologic examination (P < 0.05). Patients with differentiated gastric cancer were significantly more than patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer in gastroscopic biopsy group (P < 0.05). The numbers of papillary adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and other histopathological types between gastroscopic biopsy and postoperative pathology were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There are some differences between gastroscopic biopsy and postoperative pathological results of early gastric cancer, which indicates that there is still needing improvement in the gastroscopic biopsy. In fact, the pathological results before and after surgery can be jointly judged in clinical practice to avoid misdiagnosis, which can provide effective guidance for the treatment of gastric cancer.