Comparative Analysis of Lycopene Content from Different Tomato-Based Food Products on the Cellular Activity of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.

Nathalia Da Costa Pereira Soares,Bruno Boquimpani Trindade,Monique De Barros Elias,Anderson Junger Teodoro,Clara Lima Machado,Radovan Borojevic

doi:10.3390/foods8060201

Abstract

Lycopene is more bioavailable in processed tomato products than in raw tomatoes, since arrangement of cis-isomers of lycopene during food processing and storage may increase its biological activity. The aim of the study is evaluate the influence of lycopene content from different tomato-based food products (extract, paste, ketchup and sauce) on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and rate of apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell lines. DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines were treated with lycopene content from different tomato-based food products (500–5000 μg/mL) for 96 h. The data showed a decrease in cell viability in both DU-145 and PC-3 cells after treatment with all lycopene extracts from tomato-based food products. Analysis of cell cycle revealed a decrease in the percentage of prostate cancer cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases after 96 h of treatment when using lycopene content from tomato paste and tomato extract. However, lycopene extracted from tomato sauce and ketchup promoted a decrease in the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase and an increase in S and G2/M phases after 96 h of treatment. Lycopene content from all of those tomato-based food products also increased apoptosis in both prostate cancer cell lines. In this regard, lycopene has proved to be a potent inhibitor of cell viability, arrest cell cycle and increase the apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells, suggesting an effect in the balance of human prostate cancer cell lines growth.

Highlights

Prostate malignant growth (PCa) is the most common cancer and the fifth driving reason for death in men, representing 15% of the absolute analyzed tumors in men and 307,000 deaths, speaking to 6.6%of the all-out male disease mortality. [1]
We evaluated the influence of lycopene content from different tomato-based food products on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and rate of apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell lines (DU-145 and PC-3)
We evaluated the effect of lycopene from all tomato-based products after 96 h of incubation on different stages of the cell death process of DU-145 and PC-3 cells

Summary

Introduction

Prostate malignant growth (PCa) is the most common cancer and the fifth driving reason for death in men, representing 15% of the absolute analyzed tumors in men and 307,000 deaths, speaking to 6.6%of the all-out male disease mortality. [1]. Prostate malignant growth (PCa) is the most common cancer and the fifth driving reason for death in men, representing 15% of the absolute analyzed tumors in men and 307,000 deaths, speaking to 6.6%. Lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors can contribute to enhance the risk factors for PCa [2]. Several studies found inverse relationships between total fruit and vegetable intake [3] or cruciferous vegetable intake and PCa risk [4,5,6,7,8]. Lycopene is commonly found in tomato products. Due to its lipophilic character, the interactions between lycopene and fats enhance its bioavailability [9].

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