Abstract
Brazil and Colombia are rich in terms of water supply, ranking as world leaders in the supply of water resources. Despite this, both countries have problems of relative scarcity of this vital liquid in highly populated areas with much economic activity. Establishing policies and legal environmental standards has long tradition in both countries. However, although there are provisions and instruments for water management at the water basin level, these do not necessarily follow the conceptual development of integrated water resources management (IWRM). As a result, the two countries have partially implemented IWRM elements but with different characteristics both in its structure and instrumentality. In Colombia the State Government, through the Regional Environmental Corporations, implements IWRM (concessions, fee for water use, pollution rate, basin plans, etc), with no formal involvement of civil society management. In Brazil, however, IWRM management structure and tools are decentralized and participatory, as are the Water Basin Committees, entities where the State Government, municipalities and users participate, those with the greatest weight in water management. In Brazil, however, this model is not yet implemented in all watersheds. Thus, the aim of this paper is to compare the institutional and legal aspects of water management models in Brazil and Colombia with regard to the integrated water management concept. For the latter, we worked with a case study for each country regarding Nima River watershed (Colombia) and Tiete Jacare (Brazil).
Highlights
Brasil e Colômbia são ricos em água, classificando como líderes mundiais no fornecimento de recursos hídricos
Palavras-chave: Gestão integrada de recursos hídricos, comitês de bacia hidrográfica, Brasil e Colômbia, ferramentas de gestão integrada de recursos hídricos (GIRH), Participação da comunidade na gestão de bacias hidrográficas
Dentro de esta misma estrategia se revisó documentación sobre políticas internacionales de gestión del agua asociadas a eventos internacionales relacionados con el tema
Summary
El siglo XX marcó una época definitiva en cuanto al uso intensivo de los recursos naturales y especialmente el agua. Fue la Conferencia de Mar del Plata en 1977, la que trató específicamente y por primera vez el tema del agua, demandando que los países realizaran una planificación integral del recurso hídrico, que formularan políticas nacionales y que adoptaran medidas para permitir la participación de los usuarios en la planeación y toma de decisiones sobre el agua (CEPAL, 1998). Con base en ese contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es comparar los aspectos institucionales y normativos de los modelos de gestión del agua en Brasil y Colombia alrededor de la aplicación del concepto de gestión integrada de recursos hídricos (GIRH). Para identificar la aplicación de los instrumentos de gestión del agua, se analizará la implementación de los mismos en una cuenca hidrográfica para cada país: río Nima (Colombia) y Tietê-Jacaré (Brasil)
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