Abstract
Adipose tissue contains abundant multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with strong proliferative and differentiating potential into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. However, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) showed variable characteristics based on the tissue-harvesting site. This study aimed at comparing human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell from the orbit (Orbital ASCs) and abdomen (Abdominal ASCs). Orbital and abdominal ASCs were isolated during an upper or lower blepharoplasty operation and liposuction, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis was done to analyze the surface antigens of ASCs, and cytokine profiles were measured using Luminex assay kit. The multilineage potential of both ASCs was investigated using Oil Red O, alizarin red, and alcian staining. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure mRNA levels of genes involved in these trilineage differentiations. Our results showed that both types of ASCs expressed the cell surface markers which are commonly expressed stem cells; however, orbital-ASCs showed higher expressions of CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 than abdominal ASCs. Unlikely, orbital-ASC expressed CD31, CD45 and HLA-DR lesser than abdominal-ASCs. Orbital ASCs secreted higher concentrations of eotaxin, fractalkine, IP-10, GRO, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES but lower MIP-1α, FGF-2, and VEGF concentrations than abdominal-ASCs. Our result showed that orbital ASCs have higher potential towards adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation but lower tendency to chondrogenesis when compared with abdominal ASCs. In conclusion, tissue-harvesting site is a strong determinant for characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Understanding defining phenotypes of such cells is useful for making suitable choices in different regenerative clinical indications.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely applied in regenerative medicine for the treatment of tissue damage due to some pathological diseases or trauma [1] and are derived from different tissues such as the bone marrow, adipose tissues [2], skin [3], muscle [4], and tendon [2]
Flow cytometric analysis resulted that orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) expressed CD31, CD45, and HLA-DR expressions by 93.64, 94.19, and 94.40% lower than abdominal ASCs, respectively
Quantitative chemokine assay showed that orbital ASCs showed higher concentrations of chemokines, such as eotaxin, fractalkine, inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte inflammatory protein (MCP)-1, and RANTES, respectively, by 30.6, 66.2, 57.8, and 83.3% but lower concentrations of macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1α by 96% when compared with abdominal ASCs
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely applied in regenerative medicine for the treatment of tissue damage due to some pathological diseases or trauma [1] and are derived from different tissues such as the bone marrow, adipose tissues [2], skin [3], muscle [4], and tendon [2]. The bone marrow is the best source of stem cell but adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) can be the alternative source in the clinical field, as both show similar characteristics regarding morphology, proliferation, multipotency, and some specific markers [6, 7]. Stromal cells from the subcutaneous adipose tissue proliferate faster than those from the abdomen; no regional difference in differentiation of the cells has been found [12], while the frequency of ASC is found to be higher
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