Abstract
BackgroundGut microbiota plays an important role in the harvesting, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from one’s diet. Our cross-sectional study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiota according to body mass index (BMI) in a Korean population. 16S rRNA gene sequence data from 1463 subjects were categorized by BMI into normal, overweight, and obese groups. Fecal microbiotas were compared to determine differences in diversity and functional inference analysis related with BMI. The correlation between genus-level microbiota and BMI was tested using zero-inflated Gaussian mixture models, with or without covariate adjustment of nutrient intake.ResultsWe confirmed differences between 16Sr RNA gene sequencing data of each BMI group, with decreasing diversity in the obese compared with the normal group. According to analysis of inferred metagenomic functional content using PICRUSt algorithm, a highly significant discrepancy in metabolism and immune functions (P < 0.0001) was predicted in the obese group. Differential taxonomic components in each BMI group were greatly affected by nutrient adjustment, whereas signature bacteria were not influenced by nutrients in the obese compared with the overweight group.ConclusionsWe found highly significant statistical differences between normal, overweight and obese groups using a large sample size with or without diet confounding factors. Our informative dataset sheds light on the epidemiological study on population microbiome.
Highlights
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the harvesting, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from one’s diet
The phylum Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio has no significant difference between body mass index (BMI) groups
Recent human microbiome project studies have linked human gut microbes to obesity, proving the evidence that gut microbiota plays an important role in the harvesting, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from diet [4, 34]
Summary
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the harvesting, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from one’s diet. The results of many articles speculating on the potential associations between gut microbiota and obesity are conflicting and have not been replicated in clinical studies. These shortcomings prevent designation of a consistent pattern of human gut microbiota that correlates with obesity [4, 17, 18]. There is a lack of statistically significant study with a large sample size in gut microbiota studies. The large sample sizes in epidemiologic studies will provide increased statistical power and help to reveal significant findings involved with humanassociated microbiota [19]
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